dos. Content and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
Specifically, brand new WBQ brings: (A) analysis towards the character of the fellow member; (B) tape out of consumption on period of the early in the day week away from strong and liquid dining, drinking water or beverages of a semi-quantitative dinner regularity survey (FFQ) out-of 58 meals validated having estimating time consumption while the more sugar and you can honey that’s set in beverages; and you can (C) estimate out of physical working out using their the fresh Worldwide Exercise Survey (IPAQ) , and that records lifetime of exercise during the about three activity membership (extreme, modest, light get it done) or sedentary criteria. The IPAQ has been confirmed prior to now given that a mix-national appliance to possess tape exercise [20,21,22] and to guess opportunity expenditure.
The power and drinking water articles off recorded dishes and you may drinks try reviewed making use of the Diet Investigation And additionally (Wadsworth Posting Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and this spends composition study throughout the USDA Federal Nutrient Database and you can chose Greek edibles (i.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles beans soup, several Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . According to complete times intake and effort expenditure, time harmony is actually examined as well.
Inside analysis https://brightwomen.net/fi/panamian-naiset/, “drinks” relates to fruit fruit juice otherwise manufactured juice 100% instead of sugar content, sugar-sugary beverages (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar with sugar, sodas that have sugar and energy/isotonic drinks), low calorie sodas, beverage and you will organic infusions, milk (all kinds of milk products, chocolate milk and you may cocoa take in), milkshake and you will sherbets, coffee-and java drinks, and you can alcoholic beverages (alcohol, wine and all sorts of form of alcoholic beverages). “Drink times intake (DEI)” refers to energy intake out-of drinks “complete times intake (TEI)” to time intake from all the provide and you may “time consumption out-of ingredients” in order to opportunity intake from strong and you will water edibles (elizabeth.grams., soups). The brand new contribution out of beverages communities so you can full times consumption (research off Malisova et al. 2013), shown because total water intake (TWI), we.e., h2o of beverages, drinking water, good and liquid dinners and as drink water intake (DWI), we.e., water away from beverages and you can water.
3. Mathematical Research
Results are displayed while the mean ± sd toward generally marketed parameters and you may average (P25–P75) towards skewed ones. Normality try examined utilising the opportunities–possibilities plot (P–P spot) and you will histograms. Differences between group about your full time consumption, opportunity regarding products, time from dishes, time cost, opportunity equilibrium, water intake, drinking water off liquid and you may beverages, h2o of products, liquids off liquid, h2o from ingredients, h2o losings and you can liquid balance was indeed reviewed to the separate sample t-decide to try on the typically delivered parameters and Mann-Whittney U-attempt towards skewed of them. Likewise, differences when considering the latest four quartiles of energy regarding beverages was basically analyzed to your one-means ANOVA F-shot towards normally marketed parameters while the Kruskal-Wallis H Test towards skewed ones. Relevance level is actually set in the 5%. Correlations within share regarding beverages to intake of water from inside the relation in order to opportunity within the wintertime and june have been checked-out of the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s relationship coefficients for typically delivered otherwise skewed variables. The analytical analyses performed using PASW Analytics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).